Pass by value and pass by reference

With the exception of arrays and functions , C always passes arguments `by value': a copy of the value of each argument is passed to the function; the function cannot modify the actual argument passed to it: 


void foo(int j) {
j = 0;  /*  modifies the copy of
            the argument received by the function  */
}

int main(void) {
int k=10;
foo(k);
/*  k still equals 10  */
}
If you do want a function to modify its argument you can obtain the desired effect using pointer arguments instead: 


void foo(int *j) {
*j = 0;
}

int main(void) {
int k=10;
foo(&k);
/*  k now equals 0  */
}
This is sometimes known as `pass by reference' in other languages.

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